Thinking, Fast and Slow 발췌 읽다가

학교 시작하고 벌써 여러번 수업 시간에 언급되고 소개된 Thinking, Fast and Slow. 프린스턴 대학교 우드로 윌슨 스쿨 교수이자 심리학자인 Daniel Kahneman 의 책. 행동 경제학 붐이 불면서 더욱 유명세를 탄 듯 하다. 

요지는 우리가 사고하는 방식은 두 가지 체계 - System 1 과 2 로 나누어져있다는 것이고, 우리의 사고는 두 체계의 협업이라는 것. System 1 은 fast, emotional, intuitive thinking, System 2는 slower, more logical, deliberative thinking 이다. 

오늘 Persuasion 수업 준비를 하다가 읽은 부분 중에 기억하고 싶은 부분. 

"Not all illusions are visual. There are illusions of thoughts, which we call cognitive illusions."

"The question that is most often asked about cognitive illusions is whether they can be overcome. The message of these examples is not encouraging. Because System 1 operates automatically and cannot be turned off at will, errors of intuitive thought are often difficult to prevent. Biases cannot always be avoided, because System 2 may have no clue to the error. Even when cues to likely errors are available, errors can be prevented only by the enhanced monitoring and effortful activity of System 2. As a way to live your life, however, continuous vigilance is not necessarily good, and it is certainly impractical. Constantly questioning our own thinking would be impossibly tedious, and System 2 is much too slow and inefficient to serve as a substitute of System 1 in making routine decisions. The best we can do is a compromise: learn to recognize situations in which mistakes are likely and try harder to avoid significant mistakes when the stakes are high."

결론은 사람들의 implicit bias 를 결국은 어느 정도 받아들일 수 밖에 없고, 이를 고치기 위해서는 System 2 가 반드시 작용해야함. Advocacy 측면에서 보자면 결국 stakes 를 높이는 수 밖에 없다는 결론...결국 협상 수업에 배웠던 것들이 도움이 되는구나.

아마존에서 따온 저자 약력:

Daniel Kahneman (Hebrew: דניאל כהנמן‎, born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli-American psychologist notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, as well as behavioral economics, for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Vernon L. Smith). His empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from heuristics and biases (Kahneman & Tversky, 1973; Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky, 1982; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974), and developed prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979).

In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers. In the same year, his book Thinking, Fast and Slow, which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller. He is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School. Kahneman is a founding partner of TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He is married to Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman.

In 2015 The Economist listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world. 
Bio from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Photo by see page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.